A microfluidics-dispensing-printing strategy for Janus photonic crystal microspheres towards smart patterned displays

From the implementation point of view, the printable magnetic Janus colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) microspheres are highly desirable. Herein, we developed a dispensing-printing strategy for magnetic Janus CPCs display via a microfluidics-automatic printing system. Monodisperse core/shell colloidal particles and magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles precursor serve as inks. Based on the equilibrium of three-phase interfacial tensions, Janus structure is successfully formed, followed by UV irradiation and self-assembly of colloid particle to generate magnetic Janus CPCs microspheres. Notably, this method shows distinct superiority with highly uniform Janus CPCs structure, where the TMPTA/Fe₃O₄ hemisphere is in the bottom side while CPCs hemisphere is in the top side. Thus, by using Janus CPCs microspheres with two different structural colors as pixel points, a pattern with red flower and green leaf is achieved. Moreover, 1D linear Janus CPCs pattern encapsulated by hydrogel is also fabricated. Both the color and the shape can be changed under the traction of magnets, showing great potentials in flexible smart displays. We believe this work not only offers a new feasible pathway to construct magnetic Janus CPCs patterns by a dispensing-printable fashion, but also provides new opportunities for flexible and smart displays.     

基于快速神经网络架构搜索的鲁棒图像水印网络算法

为解决深度学习在图像水印算法中计算量大且模型冗余的问题，提高图像水印算法在抵抗噪声、旋转和剪裁等攻击时的鲁棒性，提出基于快速神经网络架构搜索（neural architecture search，NAS）的鲁棒图像水印网络算法。通过多项式分布学习快速神经网络架构搜索算法，在预设的搜索空间中搜索最优网络结构，进行图像水印的高效嵌入与鲁棒提取。首先，将子网络中线性连接的全卷积层设置为独立的神经单元结构，并参数化表示结构单元内节点的连接，预先设定结构单元内每个神经元操作的搜索空间；其次，在完成一个批次的数据集训练后，依据神经元操作中的被采样次数和平均损失函数值动态更新概率；最后，重新训练搜索完成的网络。水印网络模型的参数量较原始网络模型缩减了92%以上，大大缩短了模型训练时间。由于搜索得到的网络结构更为紧凑，本文算法具有较高的时间性能和较好的实验效果，在隐藏图像时，对空域信息的依赖比原始网络更少。对改进前后的2个网络进行了大量鲁棒性实验，对比发现，本文算法在CIFAR-10数据集上对抵抗椒盐噪声和旋转、移除像素行（列）等攻击优势显著；在ImageNet数据集上对抵抗椒盐高斯噪声、旋转、中值滤波、高斯滤波、JPEG压缩、裁剪等攻击优势显著，特别是对随机移除行（列）和椒盐噪声有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于不确定控制理论的最优策略研究

本文在不确定理论的框架下,研究一类带背景状态变量的最优控制模型.在乐观值准则下,利用不确定动态规划的方法,证明了不确定最优性原则,得到最优性方程.作为应用,求解一个固定缴费(DC)型养老金的最优投资策略问题,在乐观值准则下,以工资变量为背景状态变量,建立养老金模型.通过求解不确定最优性方程得到最优投资策略和最优支付率.     

发动机机油滤清器虑层强度分析及优化

针对机油滤清器工作工况下进出口压差、机油滤层强度及导流桩高度等问题, 通过试验测试与仿真相结合, 对滤清器初步设计进行了评估及优化, 以确保滤清器在工作工况下进出口压降及滤层强度能满足要求. 首先进行滤层性能试验, 得到滤层的惯性阻力系数和黏性阻力系数; 再通过滤层多孔介质CFD分析, 对滤清器进出口压降进行分析计算. 结果表明: 在-18℃、25℃和70℃的工况下, 进出口压降都小于10kPa, 满足相关要求. 针对滤层的最大主应力超过其抗拉强度的问题, 通过CAE仿真分析, 优化滤层与导流桩间隙, 将滤层最大主应力由110.1MPa降至36.99MPa, 小于其抗拉强度42.8MPa.     

Direct visualization of the nanoscopic three‐phase structure and stiffness of NBR/PVC blends by AFM nanomechanical mapping

The PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping based on atomic force microscope (AFM) is employed to first visualize and then quantify the elastic properties of a model nitrile rubber/poly(vinyl chloride) (NBR/PVC) blend at the nanoscale. This method allows us to consistently observe the changes in mechanical properties of each phase in polymer blends. Beyond measuring and discriminating elastic modulus and adhesion forces of each phase, we tune the AFM tips and the peak force parameters in order to reliably image samples. In view of viscoelastic difference in each phase, a three‐phase coexistence of an unmixed NBR phase, the mixed phase, and PVC microcrystallites is directly visualized in NBR/PVC blends. The nanomechanical investigation is also capable of recognizing the crosslinked rubber phase in cured rubber. The contribution of the mixed phase was quantified and it was found that the mechanical properties of blends are mainly determined by the homogeneity and stiffness of the mixed phase. This study furthers our understanding the structure–mechanical property relationship of thermoplastic elastomers, which is important for their potential design and applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 662–669     

烧结温度对煤系高岭土制备堇青石陶瓷的影响

我国的煤系高岭土具有明显的资源优势,应对其进行充分地研究和合理地应用,以缓和优质高岭土资源枯竭的燃眉之急.以鄂尔多斯煤系高岭土、鄂尔多斯滑石、工业氧化铝为原料,通过反应烧结一步合成堇青石,探讨了堇青石合成温度范围,以拓宽该煤系高岭土的应用范围.通过高温显微镜观察堇青石试样的合成温度范围为1400～1420℃.经1420℃合成的堇青石试样的吸水率为16.11;,显气孔率为28.44;,体积密度为1.77 g/cm3,径向烧成收缩为1.77;,厚度烧成收缩为4.80;,抗折强度为43.56 MPa.镁铝尖晶石是合成堇青石的重要中间产物,适当提高烧结温度可以促进镁铝尖晶石相向堇青石相转变,有利于堇青石晶粒的生长与发育.烧结温度的变化是堇青石晶粒发生变化的原因,同时导致液相量的变化,最终影响堇青石试样显微结构和烧结性能.     

Designing Covalent Organic Frameworks with a Tailored Ionic Interface for Ion Transport across One-Dimensional Channels

A strategy based on covalent organic frameworks for ultrafast ion transport involves designing an ionic interface to mediate ion motion. Electrolyte chains were integrated onto the walls of one-dimensional channels to construct ionic frameworks via pore surface engineering, so that the ionic interface can be systematically tuned at the desired composition and density. This strategy enables a quantitative correlation between interface and ion transport and unveils a full picture of managing ionic interface to achieve high-rate ion transport. Moreover, the effect of interfaces was scaled on ion transport; ion mobility is increased in an exponential mode with the ionic interface. This strategy not only sets a benchmark system but also offers a general guidance for designing ionic interface that is key to systems for energy conversion and storage.     

Polypyrrole Shell@3D‐Ni Metal Core Structured Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Three‐dimensional (3D) nanometal films serving as current collectors have attracted much interest recently owing to their promising application in high‐performance supercapacitors. In the process of the electrochemical reaction, the 3D structure can provide a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometal may serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. In this work, a novel polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D‐Ni‐core composite is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional PPy. With the introduction of a Ni metal core, the as‐prepared material exhibits a high specific capacitance (726 F g^?1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 A g^?1), good rate capability (a decay of 33 % in C_sp with charge/discharge rates increasing from 1 to 20 A g^?1), and high cycle stability (only a small decrease of 4.2 % in C_sp after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s^?1). Furthermore, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated by using the as‐prepared composite as electrodes; the device demonstrates a high energy density (≈21.2 Wh kg^?1) and superior long‐term cycle ability (only 4.4 % and 18.6 % loss in C_sp after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively).     

Bimetallic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Constructing Multifunctional Electrocatalyst

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of crystalline porous polymers comprised mainly of carbon atoms, and are versatile for the integration of heteroatoms such as B, O, and N into the skeletons. The designable structure and abundant composition render COFs useful as precursors for heteroatom-doped porous carbons for energy storage and conversion. Herein, we describe a multifunctional electrochemical catalyst obtained through pyrolysis of a bimetallic COF. The catalyst possesses hierarchical pores and abundant iron and cobalt nanoparticles embedded with standing carbon layers. By integrating these features, the catalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with a 50 mV positive half-wave potential, a higher limited diffusion current density, and a much smaller Tafel slope than a Pt-C catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst displays superior electrochemical performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with overpotentials of −0.26 V and −0.33 V in acidic and alkaline aqueous solution, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². The overpotential in the catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was 1.59 V at the same current density.